Joy Luck Club essays

Happiness Luck Club expositions This film the Joy Luck Club was not excessively awful. At the point when I initially watched this film, I got exhausted in light of the fact that the locations of the film hopped starting with one story then onto the next. I didn't care for that kind of film. In any case, on the other hand, I saw this when I was youthful. The accompanying section is a short synopsis of this film. Toward the start of the film, the scene began with a get-together of Suyuans three companions A mei, Lindo, and Ying-Ying. This get-together is all the more a gathering of the Joy Luck Club. Suyuan left China in 1947 during the war in the wake of loosing her family and her twin little girls. The twin girls despite everything stayed a puzzle of whether they are as yet alive. She settled in San Francisco; she currently remarried and has a little girl named June. As growing up, June battled of understanding her Mom. Her Mom constrained her to play the piano by making her training day by day. Both Suyuan and Lindo are extremely serious. They like to flaunt their little girls ability. Waverly is Lindos little girl, and she is a chess wonder. When Suyuan kicked the bucket, they never did totally resolve their disparities. So at that gathering, one of Suyuans companions revealed to June that her sisters are as yet alive and that she ought to proceed to visit them. As the novel closures, she meets her sisters in Shanghai. The subsequent scene centers around A mei, who lives with her grandma since her mom has been abandoned. At the point when A mei is nine, her grandma bites the dust; and A mei leaves with her mom to live in the home of a well off man and his different spouses. A mei figures out how her mom was constrained into a disgraceful second marriage and why she has no power over her own life. Her moms ensuing self destruction gives A mei a superior life. A mei came to San Francisco and got hitched, and they have seven children, including Rose. Roses spouse was a dermatologist named Ted. Their marriage didn't work since he had an unsanctioned romance and now they are separate. Rose is overwhel... <! Euphoria Luck Club articles The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, is an incredible depiction of four Chinese ladies and the lives of their kids in America. The book talks about the clashing societies between the United States and China, and how men treat ladies for the duration of their lives. Individuals living in the United States for the most part underestimate their jobs as a male or female. The way of life of every nation shapes the treatment one gets dependent on the sex of the person. There are clear contrasts inside the various societies. These distinctions show themselves in the work power, the particular undertakings acted in the home, and the benefits one gets in the public eye. In the work power, the ladies of America hold numerous places of significance. They are typically rewarded as equivalents with men and there are scarcely any occupations from which they are barred. In China, ladies are required to remain at home and are not allowed to be in a work power that is held only for men. The ladies of America get reasonable wages and have earned the option to work with men. In China, ladies are alloted the job of housewives and must remain at home to clean the house and bring up the kids. Ladies in America get trainings that will set them up for the lucrative occupations of an expert. The ladies in China are known for taking requests from their spouses. Another element that is seen as various in China from America is the various jobs ladies take in the home. The creator clarifies that a Chinese lady is required to be a decent spouse for her picked husband. Young ladies are guaranteed at an early age to a man. The story The Red Candle shows an orchestrated marriage where the creator relinquished her life to satisfy her folks guarantee of marriage when she was just two years of age. At the wedding function the flame is lit at the two finishes and if neither one of the ends goes out it will be an effective marriage. Obviously, the lady was the one considered answerable for making the marriage a succ ... <! Bliss Luck Club papers Investigate the manners by which Amy Tan depicts mother-little girl connections. You may concentrate on one family to delineate focal topics in the novel. In the Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan investigates the focal subjects in the novel. The focal subjects in this novel are the absence of correspondence between the moms and little girls, social contrasts (among China and America), moms basic (perspectives and desires for girls) lastly the adjustment seeing someone, (expanded understandings). All through the novel there is consistently an extraordinary feeling of custom, with this comes numerous convictions and odd notions. Moms for each situation continually bring these notions and convictions around. One of the primary topics in this novel is correspondence. There is an extraordinary absence of correspondence in almost each and every record. With this absence of correspondence among mother and little girl comes a lot of mistaken assumptions. Since the greater part of the moms don't realize English they can't speak with their spouses and little girls or children without any problem. In this manner they can't get a handle on the full importance of what the mother is attempting to state and individuals wind up making statements for them. I have seen a correspondence issue in a considerable lot of the accounts. I have decided to discuss Waverly and Lindo. Waverlys strife with Lindo emerged from Waverlys errors of her moms pride in her accomplishments. Waverly needed chess to be her space. She felt that Lindo attacked her circle by drifting over her while she rehearsed chess. She didn't care for the way Lindo demonstrated her off on the grounds that she felt that Lindo was taking a portion of her breeze, in a manner of speaking. At that point, Waverly didn't comprehend that her moms pride worked as an undetectable help. The absence of correspondence is likewise because of the distinction in language, Chinese and English. This makes a boundary and impacts how they impart generally. With the little girl being brother... <! Satisfaction Luck Club expositions The film, Joy Luck Club, was delivered in 1993 by altering the smash hit novel, Joy Luck Club. It presents the tales of four Chinese-outsider ladies and their American-conceived little girls. Every one of the four Chinese ladies has her own perspective on the world dependent on her encounters in China and needs to impart that vision to her girl. The girls attempt to comprehend and value their moms' pasts, adjust to the American lifestyle, and win their moms' acknowledgment. Principle characters and brief depiction Jing-Mei (Also called June), little girl of Suyuan, assumes her mom's position in the Joy Luck Club when her mom kicks the bucket. Jing-Mei looks for her own character and needs certainty. Her mom ceaselessly contrasted her with others' kids, especially Lindoâ ¡s girl, Waverly. Jing-Mei had consistently felt awkward with her mom's Chinese ways. Suyuan, author of Joy Luck Club, mother of Jing-Mei. She wanted to carry karma to her loved ones and discovering happiness in that trust. She had effectively dead when the film starts. During Japanese intrusion, she relinquished her twin children out and about as a result of her perish when she was getting away from the Japanese. She carries on with as long as she can remember not knowing whether they are alive or dead. Subsequently she moved every last bit of her plan to Jing-Mei after she came to America from China, needing her have a generally excellent life. Delight Luck Club is set in two spots. The mother's story happens generally in World War II China. The little girl's story happens fundamentally in contemporary America, despite the fact that Jing-Mei visits contemporary China in the last area. These contrasting settings help underline the way of life conflict experienced by numerous individuals of them. The movie utilizes first-individual storytellers, storytellers who legitimately address the crowd by utilizing I said, I did to communicate occasions. By recounting stories by Jing-Mei and indicating various scenes ... <! Bliss Luck Club articles The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, is a book that aggregates accounts of the lives of Chinese ladies that were brought up in China and became American residents. These ladies framed the Joy Luck Club, which was a little gathering that talked about their country and inconveniences, yet at the same time getting a charge out of the fortunes of food and every others organization. Each segment of the book is composed from the perspective of the character. The book proceeds with the narratives of these womens girls, recounting accounts of their lives being raised by moms who were workers, and dissolving into American culture. Chinese moms attempt to pass on their qualities, senses, and instinct on to the subsequent age. Extraordinary fortune has gone to the individuals from the Joy Luck Club through their hardships, and they just need their little girls to comprehend the stuff to prevail throughout everyday life. The Joy Luck Club women were all companions who after some time have shaped joyful lives for themselves in America. The entirety of the little girls in this book were raised with elevated standards, even the moms while they were in China. This is in opposition to a general thought that young ladies in China were not an extraordinary ware to their folks. Every individual from the Joy Luck Club was a mother that solitary needed their own little girls to comprehend why they ought to be conscious of their Chinese culture and appreciative for their American chances. Waverly Jong, little girl of Lindo, was brought up in Chinatown and her mom encouraged numerous exercises to raise them out of conditions. (Tan, 90) Lindo thought the best blend was American conditions and Chinese character. (259) The ladies of the Joy Luck Club were serious among one another when it went to their childrens victories. Jei-Mei (June) Woos mother needed her to be a chess wonder like Waverly Jong, or become a Chi nese Shirley Temple. Jei-Meis mother, Suyuan, needed her little girl to be a ... <!

Abortion - Bible is Pro-Choice :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Book of scriptures is Pro-Choice With no inquiry, the Bible is overwhelminly expert decision. Despite the fact that the Hebrews were impacted by numerous individuals of the laws of their Assyrian, Sumerian, and Babylonian neighbors, all of which restricted fetus removal, the Hebrew sacred texts had no laws disallowing premature birth, not a solitary one. This was primarily in light of the fact that the Hebrews put a higher incentive on ladies than did their neighbors. There are, be that as it may, a few references to the end of pregnancy. Exod. 21:22-25 says that if a pregnant lady has an unnatural birth cycle because of wounds she gets during a battle between two men, the punishment for the loss of the embryo is a fine; if the lady is slaughtered, the punishment is life forever. It is evident from this entry that men whose battling had made a lady prematurely deliver were not viewed as killers since they had not executed the lady. The lady, verifiably, had more noteworthy good and strict worth than did the baby, which was just a useless glob of tissue, an aimless, inert mixt ure of cells - in spite of antichoice individuals who consider it human life. There is additionally reference in the Mosaic law to what is currently called premature birth on demand Num. 5:11-31 demonstrates that if a spouse presumes his better half is pregnant by another man, the husband will carry his significant other to the minister, who will blend a beverage proposed to cause her to admit or be compromised with end of her pregnancy in the event that she has been unfaithful to her significant other. As it were, the Jewish Church was straightforwardly engaged with realizing premature births for those endless Hebrew ladies who fell into this class alluded to above. Truly, the Jewish clerics really played out the fetus removal on the ladies. The Bible is unquestionably explicit on this point. Obviously, there are less canny scriptural exegetes who decipher this in different other clearly mistaken ways. It is best not to think about their oblivious assessments in this issue.

Discipline on Steroids How to Boost Your Discipline

Discipline on Steroids How to Boost Your Discipline One of my deepest beliefs is that there is greatness in each and every one of us.However, to unlock it, we must commit ourselves to a greater purpose, devote ourselves to a cause greater than ourselves, swear into excellence, and constantly strive to grow. I believe to live a happy and fulfilling life, a life that you love, you must stay consistently dedicated to the visions that ignite a flame within you.Lack of discipline is possibly the greatest inhibitor of living success. Think about it… if you mastered the discipline to do everything you are supposed to do when you’re supposed to do it, even when you didn’t feel like it, how much more successful would you be in life? How many more goals would you already have accomplished?Mastering discipline will undoubtedly transform your entire life. Discipline in the context of this article refers to the ability to get the things that need to get done exactly when they need to get done, whether you are in the mood to do them or not. D iscipline, in my opinion is the most important but, ironically, the most under-emphasized factor for success. Look back at your accomplishments and tell me honestly, did any of them come easy? Didn’t each accomplishment take a certain level of commitment, consistency, and dedication? Now think about those goals you allowed yourself to slack off on… Didn’t they take longer to achieve? Or worse even became unattainable? Discipline is the difference between accomplishment and failure.‘Be honest with yourself as to what it’s going to take for you to achieve your goal. Will it take you longer hours or early mornings…? Be honest with yourself.’   Sean Combs.The reason why a great majority of us struggle with maintaining discipline is because we have a misconception of what it truly means to be disciplined. You may have the notion that discipline can only manifest itself when we are either greatly stimulated or obsessed with what we are doing… and in a perfect world this would be the case.We go wrong because we expect discipline to be easy and delightful. But this is not the case… no matter how obsessed or passionate you are about your goals, sometimes you just won’t feel like getting to it, sometime you will be tempted to procrastinate, to give yourself an undeserved break, to sleep early, or to wake up later… True discipline is not about being in your comfort zone, it’s about breaking out of it. Consistent discipline is an extremely difficult habit to acquire, but its rewards are great.Do not panic just yet, discipline can be mastered by any one of us and this is the purpose of this article. The article aims to inspire you and educate you on habits that you can acquire to get your discipline level on steroids and keep it there.WHY DISCIPLINE IS SO IMPORTANT IN LIFEDiscipline entails doing the things you think as opposed to acting in accordance with how you currently feel. For the most part, discipline will involve sacrificing momentary comfort and pleasure for what matters in the long run. It is discipline that will push you to wake up as early as yo u had planned to, to say no to your distractions, or even to work on that project of yours after the initial excitement has faded.I can confess that discipline has been a struggle for me in the past. A lack of discipline is what has stopped me from achieving certain goals that I have had for a while… like learning how to swim. I know, it might sound funny and even insignificant, but this is just an example of how indiscipline can hold you back from achievement, big or small.But before we talk about how you can boost your discipline level, let us first explore why discipline is so important/necessary in a person’s life.Leads to HappinessI know, I have mentioned that discipline is not meant to be easy or pleasant, but that is just in the moment you’re pushing yourself to go against you’re current state of mind. Consider a scenario where you pushed yourself to handle a task even when you were not in the mood, or a time when you turned down an opportunity to hang out with your f riends in order to complete a task. After that task was done, didn’t you feel much better, even happy?I think that kind of happiness and satisfaction emanates from knowing that you are that much closer to your goal when you would have been that much further had you given into indiscipline.Everyone has their own definition of success because we all have different goals. However, one definition I’m certain we can all agree on is that true happiness is a consequence of success and we have already inferred that discipline precedes success, therefore, discipline leads to happiness…Makes sense? You deserve happiness, true lasting happiness and mastering discipline will give you exactly that.Think of the things that matter to you, make a plan, and decide to stick to it no matter how you feel. Completely starve your distractions and watch yourself achieve goals with ease… then tell me if that that doesn’t make you genuinely happy.‘If you do not conquer yourself, you will be conq uered by yourself.’   Napoleon HillEnlightens you on the Importance of TimeDiscipline brings to your attention the importance of time. The reason you find yourself slacking off on your tasks sometimes is because you don’t realize how precious time is. Once you have mastered discipline, you come to the realization of how much valuable time you have been letting go to waste… you become more productive, you start breaking ground in your work, even surpassing your own expectations and targets.Discipline teaches you to exercise control over the use of your time as well as how others consume your time. This control in turn avails to you the opportunity to tap into your full potential and achieve your goals. Discipline offers you a new found insight on how your time has been used and abused in the past so that you can readjust and better position yourself for the achievement of your goals, for success. Makes you Decisive‘Enter Action with Boldness.’ #28: 48 Laws of PowerAll acco mplishment is preceded by deliberate action. I highly doubt that there is such a thing as accidental accomplishment, even Christopher Columbus had to brave the unforgiving Atlantic Ocean to stumble upon a continent the rest of the world knew nothing about continent.He set out to explore and that is what he found, it wasn’t purely accidental. Discipline wakes you up to the fact that any kind of accomplishment can only be followed by decision and action.By mastering discipline you will find yourself becoming increasingly decisive, which fuel your productivity by constantly pushing you towards action… and the cycle continues, constantly feeding on itself to make you a hub for achievement and success.Enhances your Self-ControlPerhaps what encourages indiscipline more than anything is our indulgence in our distractions and vices.‘Starve your distractions, feed your focus.’ UnknownWith discipline comes self-control and you might feel that self-control limits your freedom but it i s actually the contrary. What enjoyment is there in giving yourself an undeserved break to hang out with friends or attend a recreational function when you have the fear of incomplete tasks at the back of your mind? Can you really be free? I don’t think so, and even if you seem free, it’s only superficial while it’s really anarchy in your mind.When you master discipline, you don’t procrastinate; you set very specific timelines for the completion of tasks. Apart from the productivity that comes with enhanced self-control, discipline deters you from acting on impulse and you gradually find your life falling into a state of order as opposed to the anarchy that comes with indiscipline.8 HABITS THAT BOOST YOUR DISCIPLINE EXPONENTIALLYExercising discipline and maintaining it at a healthy level is not an easy task. A lot of us make the assumption that in order to feel encouraged to do something we have to find it entertaining. But the truth is, even when you find something stimulat ing, there will be more than a few times when you just don’t feel like engaging yourself in it. It’s quite normal.The most successful people, however, power through their feelings and do what they know they are supposed to do when its time. Executing tasks based on whether or not it feels pleasurable in the moment is a recipe for disaster.There’s a quote by Muhammad Ali that impacts me every time I hear it. It encourages me to stay disciplined, especially coming from a person who beat so many odds and accomplished so much success, both in and out of the ring. You can imagine just how much sacrifice, how much effort, how much discipline it must have taken to achieve that kind of success.“I hated every minute of training, but I said, ‘Don’t quit. Suffer now and live the rest of your life a Champion.”So, what are some habits you can adopt in order to truly master discipline?Remember, however, the only way to truly master lasting discipline is to have a deep resolve to mas ter it.Meditation and VisualizationThis is a common method used by professional athletes to motivate themselves. Visualizing victory entails projecting yourself to the future where you meet your goals. Train yourself to meditate regularly and imagine the taste of success when you finally reach the finish line.This method when practiced regularly will help you stay motivated to stick to your schedule, eventually reinforcing your discipline. When you make mediation and visualization a routine, it keeps you at your most productive, propelling you to success in the long run.Meditation and visualization enable you to put your mind at ease; it centers you mentally and sets your state of mind at ‘ready’ to handle whatever task lies ahead. In the long run, meditation creates an avenue for growth, which greatly impacts your ability to master discipline.Take Action ImmediatelyTrain yourself to take action immediately, no delays. A primary school teacher of mine loved telling us that, ‘P rocrastination is the killer of dreams.’To master discipline, you can’t afford to wait, you have to be willing to overcome the fear of failure and take the first step until you reach your destination. Push yourself to take action immediately whether or not you feel motivated. Have you ever been scared of a challenging task until you pushed yourself to start and then along the way realized it wasn’t as bad as you thought then wonder why you didn’t start sooner?.. Exactly.Now teach yourself to take action regardless of whether you are simply unmotivated or afraid. This repetition translates into habit and eventually it becomes second nature.‘A man who procrastinates in his choosing will eventually have his choice made for him by circumstances.’   Hunter S. ThompsonSet Specific Timelines for Specific MilestonesThere is no way to master discipline if there is no way to monitor yourself. If there are no deadlines for the tasks you have there is a great risk of you going rouge and falling into indiscipline and unproductivity.Establish reasonable deadlines for major milestones and if they are exceptionally big, break them down into smaller milestones that also have their own individual deadlines. However, note that milestone deadlines cannot work unless you have actively made a decision to meet those deadlines no matter what… and like any other practice, it will only become part of your character if repeatedly executed.Understand your TriggersCertain situations or people will cause you to deviate from your agenda. It’s your job to understand what situations or individuals trigger your distractions and throw you into a cycle of indiscipline.To master discipline you have to pay attention to whom and what triggers your impulses or unproductivity. It could be something as simple as sleep deprivation or something as complex as an unhealthy relationship. Your discipline worsens the more you indulge in your distractions and it becomes harder to master discip line the deeper you delve into a cycle of indiscipline.So regularly conduct a self-assessment and remove yourself from environments that trigger your impulses and unproductivity and create an environment that consistently encourages you to stay on track.Exercise and NutritionDiscipline is contagious… if you master discipline in one aspect of your life it is highly likely that that discipline will rub off on other aspects of your life. Exercise and nutrition are one of the most overlooked routes towards developing discipline and will power.Create an exercise routine and a healthy diet plan. These will train your brain to become resilient in sticking to a plan/schedule. At the same time nutrition will give you the energy to carry through your tasks while even the simplest exercises such yoga will relax your mind, boost your mood by releasing endorphins in your brain, and the feeling of euphoria that results will have you better prepared to face the day. Make this a habit and watch y our discipline level sky rocket.Self-Affirmation‘Yes we Can.’ Barrack ObamaIt may sound simple and insignificant and maybe even a little bit insane to be speaking to yourself but self-affirmation reminds you that you are in control of the situation and that it is within you capacity to handle it no matter how challenging it may seem. You are the closest person to yourself and if the negativity of others can affect you, how much more your own?According to research, self-affirmation helps you stick to a plan by boosting your will power and self-control when you were running low. Learn to tell yourself that ‘I can’ as opposed to ‘I can’t’ or ‘This is hard’. Every time you preach negativity to yourself you create feedback in your mind that plays on repeat constantly reminding you of your limitations. On the other hand if you preach positivity to yourself, your mind constantly reminds you of all the reasons you can make it and this boots your morale and motivates you t o keep pushing forward.Tell yourself every day you wake up that you can stop those bad habits that are holding you back and tell yourself that you can adopt new habits that will encourage your growth. This self-affirmation will boost your will power day by day, eventually making you an extremely driven and disciplined individual.SleepI know sometimes you feel the need to work overtime, to sleep less, and to take less breaks in order to reach your goals faster. But never overlook the importance of rest; it is directly connected with the ability to master discipline within yourself. Getting the right amount of sleep is a prerequisite of getting any task done, you will get nothing done if you feel fatigued and even if you do you will be snail-paced and that’s no fun is it?When you don’t get enough sleep you become easily distracted, your judgment is compromised, your mood is at an all-time low and under those conditions you are more likely to give in to your vices/distractions comp ared to a well-rested individual.Another noteworthy fact about sleep is that it has great impact on your immune system and general health. A person chronically deprived of sleep on a regular basis is more likely to contract certain diseases. And there is really no point in falling ill in an attempt to reach your goals is there?You could say ‘Yes’, and that ‘Moderation is for Cowards’ and to some extent that is true. I am also for pushing the boundaries, but from a very realistic perspective the benefits of getting enough rest outweigh the perks of depriving yourself of it.Getting enough sleep will reboot your mind, make you more alert, improve your memory, revitalize your energy levels, lower stress, spur your creativity, sharpen your attention, and boost your productivity, will power, and ultimately solidify your discipline.Make a Disciplined Lifestyle Your GoalThis is probably the most important ingredient in mastering unrelenting discipline.I cannot stress this enough… the only way to truly master yourself discipline is to genuinely want to master it. You must have that resolve.‘You can take a horse to the river but you can’t force it to drink,’ UnknownYou need to understand that discipline is not a one-time event; it is not a seasonal event. To truly master discipline you must be willing to be consistent at it, and you must be willing to inculcate it in all aspects of your life. So ask yourself, are you ready for that? Do you understand how you stand to benefit? Are you hungry enough for success? If the answer is yes, then make that decision now… choose discipline… make that decision every single day you wake up.One of the best ways to stick to that decision is to stick to systems and routines that constantly fuel your will power systems and routines similar to those we have discussed above… systems and routines that will consistently focus on your long-term growth and success.It goes without saying that by choosing a lifestyle of di scipline you have to be persistent, otherwise all the effort you will have put in before giving up on consistency may very well have been a waste. Persistence in this context refers to the act of refusing to give up no matter how difficult it may be, no matter how tempting it may be to deviate. Even when we do fail, persistence allows us to get back up again.Achieving our goals is no easy task, getting discouraged and encouraging distractions is easy. Giving up on making an effort is far much easier than pushing through with your plans/schedule, don’t you think? Especially when you have to go through a lot of discomfort in order to get to your end goal, right?But don’t be deceived, that’s exactly what it takes to accomplish, to achieve, to be successful; it’s not a free ride, it’s not that simple. When it comes to our dreams, you get what you give. All the most successful people realized what it would take them to reach those heights of success and made a decision to give their dreams exactly that kind of effort.CONCLUSIONDiscipline is essential in our lives, lack of which results in anarchy and chaos. Discipline enables us to not only dream, but actually puts us in a position where those dreams become attainable. Unfortunately discipline is like a muscle, it has to be exercised to become stronger, when not utilized for long it begins to deteriorate in strength.The discipline muscle is the mind and the more you instill in it habits and thoughts that encourage discipline the easier it becomes until it is like second nature to you. When you start practicing discipline and become persistent in it, it not only becomes second nature but you begin to realize that you’re pushing yourself further and further, becoming stronger in discipline by the day.The best way to go about mastering and strengthening your discipline is to pick one important aspect of your life and focus building discipline in it. Once you are certain that you have gotten into a rhythm o f discipline, add another aspect of your life… in the end you will be an all-round disciplined individual, with discipline from each aspect of your life feeding off of the other, constantly growing stronger.Discipline may seem difficult to master but if you think about it, you enjoy life more when discipline maintained. Nothing can comfortably or freely be enjoyed when you have allowed indiscipline to invade your life. For example, you cannot freely enjoy a beer with your best friend on a Friday night if you are aware that you slacked off in the past week.Make a decision today to persistently inculcate the practices we have discussed in your life. Also note that you are not limited to these practices alone, you can also adopt any other practices you find personally beneficial in reinforcing your own discipline. Strive to build a high discipline level of discipline and believe me, it will affect every aspect of your life positively. Not only will you be more productive and effectiv e, but also happier and freer.

Women and Revolution in China and Iran

During the 20th century, both China and Iran underwent revolutions that significantly changed their social structures. In each case, the role of women in society also shifted enormously as a result of the revolutionary changes that took place - but the outcomes were quite different for Chinese and Iranian women. Women in Pre-Revolutionary China During the late Qing Dynasty era in China, women were viewed as the property first of their birth families, and then of their husbands families. They were not really family members - neither the birth family nor the marriage family recorded a womans given name on the genealogical record. Women had no separate property rights, nor did they have parental rights over their children if they chose to leave their husbands. Many suffered extreme abuse at the hands of their spouses and in-laws. Throughout their lives, women were expected to obey their fathers, husbands, and sons in turn. Female infanticide was common among families who felt that they already had enough daughters and wanted more sons. Ethnic Han Chinese women of the middle and upper classes had their feet bound, as well, limiting their mobility and keeping them close to home. If a poor family wanted their daughter to be able to marry well, they might bind her feet when she was a small child. Foot binding was excruciatingly painful; first, the girls arch bones were broken, then the foot was tied with a long strip of cloth into the lotus position. Eventually, the foot would heal that way. A woman with bound feet could not work in the fields; thus, foot-binding was a boast on the familys part that they did not need to send their daughters out to work as farmers. The Chinese Communist Revolution Although the Chinese Civil War (1927-1949) and the Communist Revolution caused enormous suffering throughout the twentieth century, for women, the rise of communism resulted in a significant improvement in their social status. According to communist doctrine, all workers were supposed to be accorded equal worth, regardless of their gender. With the collectivization of property, women were no longer at a disadvantage compared with their husbands. One goal of revolutionary politics, according to the Communists, was womens liberation from the male-dominated system of private property. Of course, women from the property-owning class in China suffered humiliation and the loss of their status, just as their fathers and husbands did. However, the vast majority of Chinese women were peasants - and they gained social status, at least, if not material prosperity, in post-revolutionary Communist China. Women in Pre-Revolutionary Iran In Iran under the Pahlavi shahs, improved educational opportunities and social standing for women formed one of the pillars of the modernization drive. During the nineteenth century, Russia and Britain vied for influence in Iran, bullying the weak Qajar state. When the Pahlavi family took control, they sought to strengthen Iran by adopting certain western characteristics - including increased rights and opportunities for women. (Yeganeh 4) Women could study, work, and under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavis rule (1941 - 1979), even vote. Primarily, though, womens education was intended to produce wise, helpful mothers and wives, rather than career women. From the introduction of the new Constitution in 1925 until the Islamic Revolution of 1979, Iranian women received free universal education and increased career opportunities. The government forbade women from wearing the chador, a head-to-toe covering preferred by highly religious women, even removing the veils by force. (Mir-Hosseini 41) Under the shahs, women got jobs as government ministers, scientists, and judges. Women got the right to vote in 1963, and the Family Protection Laws of 1967 and 1973 protected womens right to divorce their husbands and to petition for custody of their children. The Islamic Revolution in Iran Although women played an important role in the 1979 Islamic Revolution, pouring out into the streets and helping to drive Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi out of power, they lost a considerable number of rights once the Ayatollah Khomeini took control of Iran. Just after the revolution, the government decreed that all women had to wear the chador in public, including news anchors on television. Women who refused could face public whipping and prison time. (Mir-Hosseini 42) Rather than having to go to court, men could once more simply declare I divorce you three times to dissolve their marriages; women, meanwhile, lost all right to sue for divorce. After Khomeinis death in 1989, some of the strictest interpretation of law were lifted. (Mir-Hosseini 38) Women, particularly those in Tehran and other large cities, began to go out not in chador, but with a wisp of scarf (barely) covering their hair and with full makeup. Nonetheless, women in Iran continue to face weaker rights today than they did in 1978. It takes the testimony of two women to equal the testimony of one man in court. Women accused of adultery have to prove their innocence, rather than the accuser proving their guilt, and if convicted they may be executed by stoning. Conclusion The twentieth-century revolutions in China and Iran had very different effects on womens rights in those countries. Women in China gained social status and value after the Communist Party took control; after the Islamic Revolution, women in Iran lost many of the rights they had gained under the Pahlavi shahs earlier in the century. Conditions for women in each country vary today, though, based on where they live, what family they are born into, and how much education they have attained. Sources Ip, Hung-Yok. Fashioning Appearances: Feminine Beauty in Chinese Communist Revolutionary Culture, Modern China, Vol. 29, No. 3 (July 2003), 329-361. Mir-Hosseini, Ziba. The Conservative-Reformist Conflict over Womens Rights in Iran, International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Fall 2002), 37-53. Ng, Vivien. Sexual Abuse of Daughters-in-law in Qing China: Cases from the Xingan Huilan, Feminist Studies, Vol. 20, No. 2, 373-391. Watson, Keith. The Shahs White Revolution - Education and Reform in Iran, Comparative Education, Vol. 12, No. 1 (March 1976), 23-36. Yeganeh, Nahid. Women, Nationalism and Islam in Contemporary Political Discourse in Iran, Feminist Review, No. 44 (Summer 1993), 3-18.

The Movie Monster - 1427 Words

Monster – Aileen Wuornos Introduction The movie â€Å"Monster† is based on the true story of Aileen Wuornos, a woman who was popularly known as â€Å"America’s first female serial killer† (Pearson, 2007, p.256). She was executed for killing six men on October. 9th, 2002, after 12 years on Florida’s Death Row (Jenkins, 2003). Aileen Wuornos was a 37-year-old white woman, born in Rochester, Michigan, and growing up in the nearby Troy area. When Aileen was young, a friend of her father sexually assaulted her for years. She complained to her farther, while her farther did not believe her and physically abused her instead (Jenkins, 2003). After her farther killed himself, she was abandoned by her family because she engaged in prostitution. Due to the†¦show more content†¦Her demeanor was often cocky in the film. 3. Proneness to Boredom/Need for Stimulation: (2) Her history of drank heavily, hitchhiked, worked as a prostitute and ever had several violated relationship, supported an excessive need for stimulation. 4. Pathological Lying: (2) She used various aliases and more than once lied about having children to gain sympathy and money from the potential customers. 5. Conning/Manipulative: (2) She would quote a lower price for sex in the woods than hotels to trick the victims to secluded areas to kill them. 6. Lack of Remorse or Guilt: (2) Aileen never felt guilty toward her victims. In the movie, she mentioned that â€Å"people kill each and other everyday† for religion and politics, and â€Å"there are heroes†. She could not stop killing because she felt that she had to kill people who could rape her to avoid them to rape somebody else. If she had not been caught, she would kill more people. 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World History The Worst Dictator of Them All Free Essays

string(52) " stand side by side against the Capitalist nations\." I will be comparing and contrasting three dictators, Hitler, Stalin, and Mao. These three men are considered to be the world’s mass murdering dictator and I would like to investigate which one of them is the worst one of them all. Hitler who was Fuhrer for Germany is infamous for his doings in World War II and his killing of Jewish people. We will write a custom essay sample on World History: The Worst Dictator of Them All or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then there is Stalin who caused the great terror in USSR and used cunning schemes to achieve his goals and was a key person during the Cold War. Finally there is Mao Zedong the great Chinese revolutionist who fought against the Chinese Nationalist Party and changed China in many ways using many social and economic policies. I will be judging â€Å"worst dictator† by the amount of death, social and economic problems caused during their rule and will also consider the rise to their power as a basis to judge these three dictators. I will be giving worst dictator to whoever has the most death and worst social and economic problems considering their position. In the social and economic problems caused it will be mainly be the leader create talking about policies and whether or not it was successful or not. I will also take in the consideration of propaganda used by dictators to influence the people’s trust. Firstly, Mao Zedong the President of the People’s Republic China or formerly known Chairman of the People’s Republic China started out to be a mere librarian working in a Chinese college. He then joins the Chinese communist party that rebels against the existing ruling Nationalist party in China, the KMT. Mao led his rebels across china fighting and running away from the KMT. However in October 1st of 1949 he creates the People’s Republic of China and turns China into communist. Many Chinese liked and followed him due to his status as legendary revolutionist who bettered the poor and fought for the people who could not fight. In 1958, he sets out to do the Great Leap Forward, which was simply put a 5-year plan type of scheme where the goal was to modernize China radically. This reformation involved large agricultural communes and about 75,000 farmers, these communes did their own collective farms and families. Following Marxist principles all wages were equally shared amongst the families in the commune. Each family also received a small strip of land. However by 1962 this reformation stopped due to Soviet Union could not afford to back up China and this failure caused Mao to resign from his post as Chairman of PRC. Many had died of starvation and about 50 million died at this point. Even though he resigned Mao was openly still playing politics, in 1966 he would start an initiative called the Great Cultural Revolution. Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/ap-world-history-units-1-3-study-guide/embed/#?secret=1IAr6z5MHK" data-secret="1IAr6z5MHK" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Ap World History Units 1-3 Study Guide#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe This involved in the Chinese government allowing critics of the government to openly speak out against the government and China. This was totally against what Mao had installed when he was Chairman, he took away all forms of freedom of speech and had installed many Marxist ideas that were implied by Soviet Union. After the critics finished criticizing the government and Mao, he gathered up college students and made them attack the critics. Proclaiming that these student body were the Red Guard, who had a responsibility to protect China, Mao started ordering unexplainable orders. During this time there was a politician by the name of Liu Shiaoqi who had notions of wage differentiation and freedom of speech. Mao gave out orders such as banning education, never to consider intellectuals as superiors, and killed roughly around 78 million Chinese people by this time (including Tibet incident). However this was all indirect killing. He then gave almost all his power to the Gang of Four who caused many troubles and the Chinese public despised them. Everyone liked Mao even though he killed so many people and caused so many disturbances. His image as great revolutionary leader is still believed today by many Chinese people and much of his wrongdoings is erased from Chinese history. Mao Zedong’s points are his mass murder of his own people and destruction of class system, which caused many problems, while rising to power his cunning ideas and tactics are admirable, and he always fought for the peasants at all times which is considered as a good thing. Even though he killed many people all these killings were accidental or more like unplanned. He also had a cult of personality, which still exists today. Next is Josef Stalin the General secretary of the Central Committee of the communist Party. This man succeeded Lenin who was the leader of USSR and first ever man to successfully implement communism into a country and was considered a Great revolutionist. He rose to power from his position as a secretary of the party to Leader of USSR by using Lenin’s cult of personality and pretending to be number one disciple. He would team up with his opponents who wanted his position against one main army then change up his teams. In this way he would always be on the winning side and his opponents never considered him a big threat, in this way he tricked and conned his way to become one of the most ruthless leaders USSR has ever seen. After his consolidation of power he soon worked on getting rid of all opponents and all future opponents. He first got rid of Leon Trotsky who was Lenin’s second in command to Mexico. Then one by one he got rid of all intellectuals in USSR. Soon he was the only one in USSR with any proper intellect. This purge of Intellectuals depleted USSR’s brainpower completely. After getting rid of the brainpower in USSR he started to implements plan to modernize USSR. His goal was to be able to stand side by side against the Capitalist nations. You read "World History: The Worst Dictator of Them All" in category "Papers" To achieve these goals he used death camps called Gulags to maintain a rigid control over all counterrevolutionary actions. Then killed the kulak, landlords who owned farm property, and then killed any peasants have any success. In this way Stalin created a mass famine, which killed 23,000,000 people. Unlike Mao, he did this on purpose due to his fear of counterrevolutionaries and opposition to his power. While Stalin boasted that USSR was having successful economic situations during the Great depression in America parts of Ukraine did not have food and many died. After this incident, he acted a major part in ending the World War II. They defeated the Nazis who invaded European country. However Stalin ordered Russian army to stay put in the country they had just liberated from the Nazis. In this way he was able to procure Satellite states. In the Tehran and Yalta meetings amongst the Big Three, he was able to argue equally amongst Churchill and Roosevelt. In this way he was allowed to keep satellite states however the next American president and Stalin did not get along as well. Eventually Cold war started and Stalin implemented mass production of arms. He died on 1953. Even though his methods were harsh he was able to modernize USSR into a world power that was at one point equal to America. Stalin is still considered as a hero amongst some Russians, this is mainly due to history books in Russia do not talk about Stalin’s misdeeds. His misguided methods were very harsh however it produced results, which Stalin sought for. His mass murder of 23,000,000 people was done on purpose unlike Mao, which makes him a very scary man. Stalin’s personality was one of a calculative and methodical almost like a serial killer. He wanted to satisfy his own goals, which was to be better than the Capitalist nation, mainly America. Stalin’s points are that he killed many people during the modernization of USSR, his cunning methods when he was rising to power, his method to spread communism by using satellite states, and he also made USSR into a Super Power. His successor Nikita had to use De-Stalinization due to Stabilize USSR and make sure it was a safer place to be in. Finally, Adolf Hitler the most famous mass murder and mastermind behind World War II. His genocide of Jewish people is famous amongst all people. He was a painter in Vienna before he formed the Nazi party. He looked for rich patrons to support his work but the Jewish patrons, most patron are Jewish. However they all rejected him and his hatred towards Jewish people started to grow. He then joins a political party and later on forms the Nazi party. He becomes the leader of this party and leads the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. He was arrested in this event and then held at prison for 5 years. He wrote his book â€Å"Mein Kampf † and starts to scheme political methods to get his revenge on the Jews. His pride as Germans started rising and he became very Nationalistic after the Great depression which caused the Germany to fall down with America due to the huge debts owed by Germany given out by America. This was to pay war reparations to other countries, from World War I. Hitler saw this as a sign of weakness on America’s part and started to do special speeches to the German people using carefully rehearsed speeches. In this way the Nazi party was elected to German Reichstag. Soon Hitler massed enough influence to become Chancellor of Germany and switched took over instead for democracy he becomes the Dictator of Germany and creates a one party state. Soon he felt compelled to take back what was rightfully German and took back Rhineland. Then soon took Austria, next came Czechoslovakia and then the other European nations started to feel threatened and attacked Germany. This was the start to World War II however before all this when Hitler was just the President of Germany he used his SS to destroy and harass all Jewish people and objects. He used terms as sub-human and started the mass genocide of Jews in Europe, this lead to about twelve million Jews dead. Hitler was a very nationalistic person and could not be considered sane considering the fact that he took revenge by climbing to the top most position in Germany which he used to say he was against and then killing twelve million innocent Jews are serial killer kind of actions. His points are his sudden rise to power and he was just plain crazy. As a dictator he was just crazy compared to the other two dictators. I think the worst dictator goes to Mao Zedong, due to mass murder of seventy-eight million people and being a former intellectual but still destroying all beings proclaiming to be intelligent is beyond comprehension. Even though he wanted to modernize China and help out the peasants and make everyone equal, there is no point in destroying the education system and making a group of people suffer just to make another group happy. Also the fact that he was a former librarian just makes it all the worse he should have realized the value in having intelligent people. Unlike Hitler who was crazy I think Mao Zedong as he became older became senile and dumb which is why he started the Great Cultural Revolution. Also even though his actions before becoming Chairman of China was very calculative after he became Chairman of China he seems to lack importance to life. He does not care about how many people die just for his policies to work. Which just shows a crazy person or a sick person’s mind. However I believe he just turned senile and slowly lost his edge. How to cite World History: The Worst Dictator of Them All, Papers

WWII - Did The Western World Do Enough For The Jews In The Holocaust E

WWII - Did the Western World do enough for the Jews in the Holocaust "When they came for the gypsies, I did not speak, for I am not a gypsy. When they came for the Jews, I did not speak, because I wasn't a Jew. When they came for the Catholics, I did not speak, for I am not a Catholic. And when they came for me, there was no one left to speak." -On the Wall at the Holocaust Museum in Washington It is impossible to learn about the Holocaust and the Second World War without the question of how it possibly could have happened arising, and along with that question comes another. The question of whether or not the Western World did enough to help the Jews in Europe. What was their reaction to the campaign of systematic persecution, robbery and murder the Third Reich inflicted upon the Jewish people? During the time leading up to the outbreak of World War II, the Western Press consistently carried numerous reports of the German's anti-Jewish policies and their purposeful victimization of the Jews living in Nazi Germany as well as the annexed territories. The general public cannot claim that they did not know what was going on, that they were uninformed. Whether or not they chose to believe it however, is a completely different story. The public were indeed outraged in many of the cases but the governments of the major European democracies felt that it was not for them to intervene for they felt that the Jewish problem classified as an internal affair within a sovereign state. The truth behind this is simply that the governments were anxious to establish cordial relations with Germany and didn't want to cause any hostility. Thus they stood idly by and remained silent as Hitler went from denying the Jews of their civil rights to denying them of their means of earning their daily bread. As much as they wanted to remain neutral, the countries of the Western World were finally forced to take a stand on the issue of emigration of Jews from the Reich who were seeking refuge. The United States maintained strict immigration quotas which severely limited the number of Central and Eastern Europeans admitted to the country each year. Even under such extreme circumstances, the US insisted on adhering to these policies and refused to modify them even slightly. Great Britain proved to be merciless as they blocked entry into Palestine and limited the amount of entry permits. The states that had the ability to absorb the immigrants such as Australia, Canada and most countries of South America, accepted agricultural workers but denied entry to professionals, merchants and skilled artisans. There were actually protests in the US and Britain organized against the admission of immigrant doctors. The President of the United States initiated the Evian Conference in 1938 in an attempt to find a means that would aid emigrants from Germany and Austria and enable their absorption elsewhere. Thirty-two countries sent delegates with hopes that a solution would be found however, it quickly became clear to all that the even the great powers who had initiated the conference were not willing to take any significant steps towards accepting the refugees. Despite the speeches and the appeals, no one country was willing to commit themselves to practical measures, the smaller countries following the example of the larger ones. An international committee was set up in London for refugee affairs but it lacked funding as well as a place towards where they could direct the refugees. It is evident here that it is not a lack of knowledge that something had to be done, but rather an unwillingness that prevented the Western World from helping the Jews. Words are just that, mere words, unless they are put into action. As a result, the Evian Conference is regarded as a complete failure. Once the war began, the comprehensive information regarding the conditions in Germany that the Western World had at one time been provided with, ceased. Still, news of the Einsatzgruppen 's activities and the mass killings in the death camps found its way to the west. Up until the middle of the year

How to Distill Ethanol or Grain Alcohol

How to Distill Ethanol or Grain Alcohol Ethanol is also called ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol. Its made from a fermented mixture of corn, yeast, sugar, and water. The resulting alcohol is 100 to 200 proof (200 proof is pure alcohol). In addition to use in the lab, ethanol is a popular fuel alternative and gasoline additive. Because it is flammable, ethanol can be prohibitively expensive to ship, so it may make sense to distill your own. Anyone can have a still, but be advised you may need to get a permit in order to make ethanol. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: 3 - 10 days, sometimes longer How-To Steps If you are starting with whole corn, you first need to convert the cornstarch into sugar by sprouting the corn. Place the corn in a container, cover it with warm water, and drape a cloth over the container to prevent contamination and conserve heat. Ideally, the container will have a slowly draining hole at the bottom. Add warm water from time to time as the liquid level falls. Maintain the setup ~3 days or until the corn has sprouts about 2 inches long.Allow the sprouted corn to dry. Then grind it into meal. Alternatively, start with cornmeal. Other grains can be prepared in much the same way (e.g. rye mash).Mash or mush is made by adding boiling water to the corn meal. The mash is kept warm to start the fermentation process. Yeast is added, if available (half pound yeast per 50 gallons of mash, for example), and sugar (variable recipe). With yeast, fermentation takes about 3 days. Without yeast, fermentation could require more than 10 days. The mash is ready to run once it stops bu bbling. The mash has been converted into carbonic acid and alcohol. It is called wash or beer or sour mash. The wash is placed into a cooker, which has a lid that is pasted shut so that it has a seal which can be blown off should internal pressure become too great. At the top of the cooker, there is a copper pipe or arm that projects to one side and tapers down from a 4-5 inch diameter to the same diameter as the worm (1 to 1-1/4 inch). The worm could be made by taking a 20 ft length of copper tubing, filling it with sand and stopping the ends, and then coiling it around a fence post.The sand prevents the tubing from kinking while being coiled. Once the worm is formed, the sand is flushed out of the tube. The worm is placed in a barrel and sealed to the end of the arm. The barrel is kept full of cold, running water, to condense the alcohol. Water runs in the top of the barrel and out an opening at the bottom. A fire is maintained under the cooker to vaporize the alcohol in the wash.The ethanol vaporizes at 173Â °F, which is the target temperature for the mixture. The spirit will rise to t he top of the cooker, enter the arm, and will be cooled to the condensation point in the worm. The resulting liquid is collected at the end of the worm, traditionally into glass jars. This fluid will be translucent, and about the color of dark beer. The very first liquid contains volatile oil contaminants in addition to alcohol. After that, liquid is collected. The containers of liquid collected from over the wash are called singlings. Liquid collected toward the end of this run is called low wine. Low wine can be collected and returned to the still to be cooked again. The initial collections are higher proof than those collected as the distillation progresses.The singlings tend to have impurities and require double-distillation, so once the low wine has been run to the point where a tablespoon or so thrown on a flame wont burn (too low proof), the heat is removed from the still and the cooker is cleaned out. The liquid remaining in the still, the backings or slop, can be recovered and poured over new grain (and sugar, water, and possibly malt) in a mash barrel for future distillations. Discard mash after no more than eight uses.The singlings are poured into the cooker and the still is returned to operation. The initial collecti ons can approach pure alcohol (200 proof), with the end collections, using the flash test on the flame, at about 10 proof. The desired proof depends on the application. The highest proof usually obtained from a still is 190 proof. For using alcohol as a fuel alternative, for example, addition purification with a sieve may be required to obtain 200 proof ethanol. Tips If you live in the United States, a permit may be required in order to legally distill ethanol.Stills traditionally were operated close to a water source, like a stream or river, because the cool water was used to condense the alcohol in the tubing (called the worm)Stills needed to have removable tops so that they wouldnt explode when pressure built up from heating the mash. What You Need 25 lb corn meal or 25 lb shelled whole corn100 lb sugar (sucrose)100 gallons water6 oz yeast

Basic Japanese Language Vocabulary with Audio Files

Basic Japanese Language Vocabulary with Audio Files When you are learning Japanese, it is essential to hear the words spoken. These audio words and phrases are grouped by topic and you can use them to learn to speak Japanese. Hiragana Pronunciation with Audio Files The following tables contains the 46 basic sounds found in Japanese. Click the link to listen the pronunciation of each hiragana character. (a) (i) (u) (e) (o) (ka) (ki) (ku) (ke) (ko) (sa) (shi) (su) (se) (so) (ta) (chi) (tsu) (te) (to) (na) (ni) (nu) (ne) (no) (ha) (hi) (fu) (he) (ho) (ma) (mi) (mu) (me) (mo) (ya) (yu) (yo) (ra) (ri) (ru) (re) (ro) (wa) (o) (n) Katakana Pronunciation with Audio Files   Here are the 46 basic Japanese sounds. Click the link to listen the pronunciation. (a) (i) (u) (e) (o) (ka) (ki) (ku) (ke) (ko) (sa) (shi) (su) (se) (so) (ta) (chi) (tsu) (te) (to) (na) (ni) (nu) (ne) (no) (ha) (hi) (fu) (he) (ho) (ma) (mi) (mu) (me) (mo) (ya) (yu) (yo) (ra) (ri) (ru) (re) (ro) (wa) (o) (n) Verbs Learning verbs when learning a new language is obviously very important. In the table below I have created a list of some of the most important verbs that someone new to Japanese should know.   If you are not familiar with Japanese verbs at all, follow this link to learn about verb groups and conjugations.  If you would like to hear the pronunciation of each verb, click the link and small audio file will play for you. Group 1 Verbs Dictionary Form(Basic Form) English Formal Form The ~ te Form aruku to walk arukimasu aruite asobu to play asobimasu asonde au to meet aimasu atte hairu to enter hairimasu haitte hajimaru to begin hajimarimasu hajimatte iku to go ikimasu itte kaeru to return kaerimasu kaette kakaru to take kakarimasu kakatte kaku to write kakimasu kaite kau to buy kaimasu katte kiku to listen kikimasu kiite matsu to wait machimasu matte motsu to have mochimasu motte narau to learn naraimasu naratte nomu to drink nomimasu nonde okuru to send okurimasu okutte omou to think omoimasu omotte oyogu to swim oyogimasu oyoide shiru to know shirimasu shitte suwaru to sit suwarimasu suwatte tatsu to stand tachimasu tatte tomaru to stop tomarimasu tomatte tsuku to arrive tsukimasu tsuite uru to sell urimasu utte utau to sing utaimasu utatte wakaru to understand wakarimasu wakatte warau to laugh waraimasu waratte yomu to read yomimasu yonde Group 2 Verbs kangaeru to think kangaemasu kangaete miru to see mimasu mite neru to sleep nemasu nete oshieru to teach oshiemasu oshiete taberu to eat tabemasu tabete Group 3 Verbs kuru to come kimasu kite suru to do shimasu shite At the Restaurant Click the link to hear the pronunciation.   ueitoresu waitress Irasshaimase. Welcome to our store. (Used as a greeting to customers in stores.) nanmei sama how many people (It is very polite way of saying how many people. Nannin is less formal.) futari two people kochira this way Sumimasen. Excuse me. menyuu menu Onegaishimasu. Please do me a favor. (A convenient phrase used when making a request.) Shou shou omachi kudasai. Please wait a moment. (formal expression) Douzo. Here you are. Doumo. Thanks. go-chuumon order boku I (informal, it is used by men only) sushi no moriawase assorted sushi hitotsu one (Native Japanese number) o-nomimono beverage Ikaga desu ka. Would you like ~? biiru beer morau to receive Kashikomarimashita. Certainly. (Literally means, I understand.) nanika anything Iie, kekkou desu. No, thank you. Rooms and Furnishings Click the link to hear the pronunciation.   heya room ima living room daidokoro kitchen shinshitsu bedroom toire bathroom genkan entrance niwa garden kabe wall tenjou ceiling yaneura attic yuka floor mado window Furniture kagu furniture tsukue desk hondana book shelf isu chair tansu chest of drawers beddo bed todana cupboard Appliances reizouko refrigerator reitouko freezer sentakuki washer kansouki dryer oobun oven denshi renji microwave suihanki rice cooker soujiki vacuum cleaner terebi TV More Audio Phrases and Words by Topic Animals: From bird to zebra, heres the menagerie. Body: These words are especially useful if you need medical help. Calendar: Months, days of the week, and seasons. Colors: All colors are treated as nouns. Listen to the rainbow. Dates: These follow a basic rule of the number plus nichi. Family: Learn how to talk about your family and somebody elses family. Foods: Basics for food, meals, and phrases related to eating. Greetings: The basic phrases you will need. Introducing People: Learn how to introduce people and hear the vocabulary and expressions. Location: Dont wander about lost. You need these phrases to get directions. Numbers: How to count in Japanese. On the Phone: How to speak a phone number, plus phrases you will need for a phone call in Japanese. Tea: How to order tea and how to  pronounce  different types of tea. Time: How to express the time of day and ask and answer questions about time. Travel: Words and expressions youll need when youre on the move. Useful Expressions: Simple yes, no, thanks, and other basics. Weather: How to talk about what its doing outside. Adjectives: from near to far, clean to dirty, youll want to know these modifiers. Adverbs: From always to never, together to separately.

How does the courts interpretation of due process affect police Essay

How does the courts interpretation of due process affect police practices related to search, arrest and interrogation - Essay Example Court plays an integral role in criminal trials and paving way for the course of justice, however, a court’s interpretation is not only restricted till punishing the perpetrator of the delinquent act but also pays an important in other facets of the trial.These facets involve police practices such as issuing search and arrest warrants, and even the process interrogation is contingent upon the interpretations made during the proceedings. (Scheb, 2008, P.p 10-15) It should be further noted that by initiating the process of prosecution the court has undertaken their responsibility to punish the criminal on behalf of the entire society. There are basic procedural steps that follow respective searches, seizures, interrogation and arrests. Law enforcement agencies are directly under court orders. It vastly depends on the circumstance under which complaint is filed and the defendant is being tried. (Scheb, 2008, P.p 10-15) It is the truth-finding process; a search warrant may be issu ed in order to gather evidence and if the evidences produced in the court may cause the legal professionals to assume that a further search can help search out more incriminating evidences or something that can prove the defendant’s innocence then in such a circumstance a search warrant may be issued. Seizures are the result of â€Å"Reasonable suspicion† that is the high probability that the property in question, may be altered that can distort or destroy a significant piece of evidence. Analogous to the facets of the US criminal justice system discussed above, arrests are made following a â€Å"Grand Jury Indictment† and is only performed when evidence point towards the fact that a crime has been committed and there is ample reason to believe that a crime has been committed. Basically, it is because of the jurisdiction that is produced during the trial which is responsible for the law enforcement activities and it is their interpretation that affects these the most. It is fundamental step in determining guilt or innocence of the defendant. (Scheb, 2008, P.p 10-15) 2. Why do state courts have to follow the same due process rights as the federal courts regarding search and seizure rights?   Courtroom proceedings are initiated by the law being broken and then it is followed by the process of trying the accused, analyzing the evidences and then eventually handing out the sentence accordingly. The criminal justice system in the United States of America is characterized by an absence of a single criminal or civil court. Instead the American judicial system is fragmented into the federal or national judicial system and then each American state or territory is governed by their set of rules and regulations. (Emmanuel, 2009, P.p 5-6) Courts that function on a state and federal level may operate as separate entities but they have countless similarities. The constitutional doctrines that is used to govern the entire nation is also used as the fou ndation of drafting out a state constitution hence, there is immense amount of correspondence in the way they function. As a matter of fact the framework, upon which both of these entities function, is largely the same and when it comes to issuing search, arrest and seizure warrants both courts follow the same due process. (Weiss, 2003) The only difference is in the types of crimes that are tried by each of the legal entities and the way they are tried; for instance federal courts hears cases pertaining to offences that affect the country as a whole whereas, state courts hear offences that are slightly lower in gravity than the ones being handled in federal levels. Therefore, for the most part of the trial process the same procedure is followed. That is relevant interpretation of the trial by the court causes magistrates to issue search and seizure

Software Project Management and Quality Assurance Essay

Software Project Management and Quality Assurance - Essay Example This essay stresses that the paradigm shift in embracing technological changes that take place has changed the face of banking system leading to the introduction of various features in the banking industry through an intermarriage of market factors like competition and customer loyalty. It is through this that banks have had to go along technological track by introducing features like Remote Deposit Capture, Check 21 and many other efficiency-oriented technology-based attributes. Blue Bank Ltd does not want to be left behind the trail but to compete effectively with others in the industry. This paper makes a conclusion that remote deposit capture systems operate in a more or less patent-like mode. In general, instead of customers going physically to the banking halls, the RDC system, in its most simple terms, allows the customer to scan the relevant documents e.g. checks and transmit the scanned images or records to the provided portals. They obtain portal accounts from the bank and use the account for transactions and transmitting the scanned data whenever need arises. In this case, the banks took advantage of the proliferation of business method patents in the late 90s; a fact they claim eliminated any element of risk and uncertainty in the banking industry and allowed them to fully dedicate valuable resources to focusing upon their core business. The adoption and use of RDC system by banks and other banking institutions resulted from the threats that were posed by the previous systems like check-over-the-counter and cash deposit culture. In order for the banks and t he institutions to avoid being thrown out of business out of competition, they had to embrace the culture which would give them a better competitive edge over the other competitors in the industry. (RDC Articles, June 2007, RDC Fraud Threats in RDC Error) There was a serious threat of likelihood of fraud which could be as a result of human mistake or racket made willingly. The RDC system does not reduce part of this threat either. Inn the case of cash deposit system, the check would be presented to the party giving payment, but when the check is in the very hands of the public or businesses that should be receiving them it poses a danger of duplication by being scanned in and or redeposit into the bank especially if the original check numbers and figures or amounts are changed. Another case would be where criminals take advantage of the new RDC environment thus taking checks away from the original payee, or presentment of the scanned checks through other banks which may lead to omission or change of vital information. When millions of checks are in the hands of the public, it is easier for criminals to create fraudulent checks, by scanning and editing the original ones.

Foreign Policies For The Malaysian Systems

Foreign Policies For The Malaysian Systems Malaysias foreign policy is premised on establishing close and friendly relations with countries in the community of nations. Tun Razak had embarked on a series of dazzling initiatives in foreign policy largely to move Malaysia from its pro-western, anti communist stance, which had been adopted since independence under the tunkus leadership. This is achieved through upholding the countrys sovereignty and promoting universal peace; fostering friendly relations with foreign countries and protecting Malaysias interests in the regional and international arena. In other words, Malaysia will continue to consolidate its relations with other countries and international organisations, both at the regional and international level. Tunku razak felt this was necessitated by its national security needs, which required Malaysia to live in peaceful co existence with all countries, communist or non communist. In 1971, the year he took over as Prime Minister, he had to face the problem of britains wi thdrawal of its armed forces in Malaysia. Even earlier Britain had given similar commitments to Malaya since 1957 and both Sarawak and Sabah, its former colonies, until they joined Malaysia in 1963. In the superpower race, Britain was no longer capable of maintaining itself as aglobal power due to the dismantling of its colonial empire, and a slow-down in its economy. Although Britain indicated it might participate in a five power commonwealth defence force, it would not provide anything like its former number of troops. In line with our objectives of promoting and protecting Malaysian national interest abroad, the Ministry has established a total of 105 missions in 83 countries and appointed 53 Honorary Consuls who provide support and assistance in promoting Malaysias interest abroad. Since the independence of Malaya in 1957, the nations foreign policy has gone through several phases of significant transition with different emphases under five previous premierships. The policy has been largely determined by the established national characteristics and succession of political leadership as well as by the dynamic regional and international environment. A period of consolidation ensued under Tun Hussein Onn with ASEAN becoming the cornerstone of Malaysias foreign policy following the collapse of Saigon, the withdrawal of the US military presence from Southeast Asia and the invasion of Kampuchea by Vietnam. During the premiership of Tun Dr. Mahathir in 1981, Malaysia began relations with more nations and became a symbol of a rising developing country. Under Tun Mahathirs tenure, the nations foreign policy began adopting a much greater economic orientation in the countrys external relations while championing the rights, interests and aspirations of developing countries. Malaysia became the voice of the developing world and was a role model for many developing countries as it become well known for its active stance at the UN and other international conferences. Malaysias participation in peacekeeping missions under the UN is also a testimony of the nations seriousness in instilling the will of the international community. The fifth Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi continued to ensure that Malaysia was active in the international arena. During his tenure, Malaysia played an instrumental role in the formulation and adoption of the ASEAN Charter which has been ratified by all ASEAN member states and subsequently entered into force on 15th December 2008. During this period, Malaysia was also active in expanding the focus of OIC from being an organisation focused solely on political issues into one which focuses on the socio-economic development of Islamic countries. Among the key elements of the 1Malaysia concept is in realising the strength of Malaysia lies in its diversity. This concept bodes well with the main vision of Malaysias Foreign Policy that is to protect and promote interests abroad and at the same time responsibly and effectively contribute towards the building of a fair and just world. Dato Sri Najib believes that the interconnectedness of nations in the world means that Malaysia would benefit in applying 1Malaysia in its efforts in diplomacy and foreign relations. Malaysia will maintain close relations with all countries in the world and will work with like-minded nations in pursuing national interest. Malaysias foreign policy is structured upon a framework of bilateralism, regionalism and multilateralism where. ASEAN forms the core priority of Malaysias current foreign policy. Looking further a field, as a country with a strong Muslim majority, Malaysia also gives importance to the solidarity of the Ummah and the spirit of cooperation among the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC). Malaysias status as a developing nation makes it imperative for the country to engage actively in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Malaysia plays a significant role in the various multilateral issues that affect our interests. These issues include disarmament, counter terrorism, trafficking in persons, climate change and environmental issues. As a member of the UN, Malaysia is a firm believer of international peace and security and an upholder of international law. Malaysias election as the President of United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) for 2010 and the Chairmanship of the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were a further testimony of Malaysias positive international image. The fundamental principles of sovereign equality, mutual respect for territorial integrity, peaceful settlement of disputes as well as mutual benefit in relations are the guiding principles that would continue to guide Malaysias relations with other countries. These principles have stood the test of time. Indeed, our steadfast adherence to these principles, supported by a consistent foreign policy, has established for Malaysia a credible image in the eyes of the international community. REVOLUTION AND EVOLUTION OF MALAYSIAN FOREIGN POLICY The domestic challenge of religious extremism is however importantly shaped by the perception that, as one manifestation of contemporary global religious revivalism, it is also a product of international muslim contact and exchange. The threat of religious radicalism is thus perceived as being determined, to some extent at least, by an impinging Islamic world which in some instances provides moral and inspirational support and in others, active influence over UMNOs political competitors specifically, and its malay muslim population generally. The expression of extremism has, however, been shaped less by inter state relations than through channels which lend themselves less easily to conventional state regulation. As such, the Malaysian governments efforts at countering wrong islam have involved an intense interaction between domestic and foreign policy. The determination of wrong islam and its easy association with extremism is also increasingly linked to the federal governments attempt to institute an orthodoxy of belief if not of ortho- practic behavior as a means of rationalizing islam towards a particular socio-economic but also political agenda. As attempts at curbing extremism have gradually involved questions of religious authority and the toleration of divergent interpretation, they have ultimately also had a significant bearing on intra-malay rivalry. Frequently then, foreign policy has been employed precisely towards the management of domestic politics. The diversity of views regarding the perception and explanation of foreign policy, no foreign policy can be formulated in a vacuum. It must serve to function in a dynamic environment. Throughout its tenure, the Mahathir Administration has not always enjoyed even relations with those states in the Islamic world which have displayed a more distinctively radical character and approach to international relations. Various geographical, historical, social and political determinants contributed to shaping the nature of Malaysias foreign policy and the conduct of the countrys international relations. Our foreign policy seeks to promote mutual tolerance and cooperation amongst all countries that make up the fabric of international community. Government has frequently publicized its long standing relationships with more conservative regimes in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, its relations with countries like Iran and Libya have been less well documented. Overall, Malaysias diplomatic exchange with these countries since the 1980s has tended to remain cautious, explained in part by their expression of a more radical political agenda frequently channelled through religion. While Malaysia has often supported the official foreign policy attitudes expressed by these states toward the needs for fundamental change within the international system, alarm and objection have also been articulated over the chosen methods of their capacity to directly influence the domestic political process in Malaysia has necessitated the employment of less conventional strategies in foreign policy by the administration. The Iranian revolution clearly helped intensify debate in Malaysia over the revival of islam and the viability of an Islamic state in Malaysia. A more worrying domestic repercussion for the government was the revolutions indirect promotion of islams legitimacy in political contestation and the boost that its success provided to parties and organizations claiming islam as their base. The governments initial non-commitment on the subject, however, contrasted dramatically with the clear and early articulation of support for the revolution by ABIM and PAS. Nevertheless, the establishment of diplomatic relations with the emergent Islamic republic of Iran in 1981, came within the new administration general strategy of publicizing its foreign Islamic friendships. Iranian officials had in fact made some attempt to explain the Islamic revolution and to express its non opposition to moderate intellectuals in muslim countries. The Mahathir administration was therefore at pains to stress the pragmatic aspects of relations with the new Iranian government, even while locating them within the spirit of a shared religion. Indeed the government received some acknowledgement for its pro-islam efforts from the Iranians. Malaysia pursues an independent, principled and pragmatic foreign policy which rests on the values of peace, humanity, justice, and equality. Malaysias foreign policy is also premised on the principles of respect for the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-interference in the affairs of other nations, peaceful settlement of disputes, peaceful co-existence and mutual benefit in relations. Official relations were also important towards neutralizing what was perceived as real or potential revolutionary Iranian influence over Islamic movements. Intra and inter party dynamics were to underline the continuing threat that UMNO and the administration perceived from the revolutions impact on malay politics and on the role og islam in Malaysian society. Foreign policy is not static. Its formulation is essentially a dynamic process. Hence, over the years, our foreign policy has evolved, taking account of the change in leadership as well as developments in the ever-changing global political and economic landscapes. Moreover, the advent of globalization and the transformation of interstate relations brought about by new and rapid changes in information technologies necessarily means that our foreign policy has to be adjusted and fine tuned to meet new challenges in a globalised world. The evolution of the countrys foreign policy under successive prime ministers reflects a pragmatic response to the geopolitical and economic changes of their times. To be continually relevant to the countrys needs, foreign policy cannot remain static. But whilst changes in emphasis have become a general feature of Malaysian foreign policy, continuity has also been evident. Both the change and continuity mark a higher level of confidence and maturing of th e country in the conduct of its international affairs. Indeed, in many ways Malaysias leadership role has been recognised on several issues of deep interest to the developing world. As a trading nation, we are very much dependent on a peaceful international environment for our well being. Malaysian foreign policy has to be oriented to allow for a greater focus on economic diplomacy. In the past, when we were producing mainly raw materials for the world, Malaysia had to compete with only a handful of countries. But now, when we have become an industrialized trading nation, we have no choice but to work harder, to compete better and to find new markets for our goods and services. We must find better ways to do business with the outside world. We need to find niches in which we have a competitive edge. ASEAN IN MALAYSIAS FOREIGN POLICY Malaysia was able through the vehicle of ASEAN diplomacy to maintain a balancing act in its relations with the indo-china states which remained in a state of conflict at the point of time of ASEANs formation. We have already alluded to the chaos caused by the boat refugees after the end of the Vietnam war and Malaysias pivotal role in repairing some 80,000 persons to third countries. Through ASEAN, the geneva conference of 1979 was called to deal with the practical aspects of the Vietnamese refugees. Then came the Cambodia crisis and here again Malaysia played a pivotal role in setting up the coalition government of democratic Kampuchea (CGDK). Heng samrin regime, ASEAN diplomacy kept in check the various political players in the Cambodian conflict by securing the U.N. seat for the CGDK for the most part of the 1980s. This arguably put all the political players of the Cambodian conflict in contention until the peace process took root in the early 1990s. here again ASEAN played a crucial role in sponsoring the Jakarta informal meetings. Throughout this period, Malaysias stances and policies vis-a-vis the indo-china issue followed the tempo and thrust of ASEAN diplomacy. It was clear that ASEAN had become central to Malaysian foreign policy for its regional and global relations, even under the feisty tenure of Mahathir. The Abdullah government had also followed through the motions of its predecessors in placing ASEAN at the centre of regional politics and foreign relations. The ASEAN push for the construction of three forms of communities- security, economic, and socio-cultural- has also been wholeheartedly taken on board by the Malaysian government along with the ASEAN charter signed in November 2007 at the 13th ASEAN in Singapore. It is important to see ASEAN as a crucial instrumental of Malaysias attempt to use a countervailing and counterpoising foreign policy to handle new issues that have surfaced regionally and globally. Not less of all was the question of Myanmar or Burma, which continued to be the bugbear of the ASEAN states well into the late 2000s. At the regional level, Malaysia will continue to push for the strengthening of ASEAN as a regional grouping. This includes support for a whole range of functional co-operation on a sub-regional or on an ASEAN-wide basis, the phasing in of AFTA and the implementation of the ASEAN investment area. ASEAN has developed and refined various mechanisms and arrangements to promote trade, investment and other collaborative activities. Much of ASEANs attractiveness to the outside world is built on the economic success of its member states and their potential for greater growth. As ASEAN confronted the various challenges such as international terrorism, economic slowdown, in the face of current economic and financial crises, it is ASEANs common effort that accounted for our success. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Five Power Defense Arrangement, 1971 Ministers of the government of Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore and United Kingdom met in London on 15th and 16th April 1971. In order to consider matters of common interest to all five governments relating to the external defense of Malaysia and Singapore. The minister of the five governments affirmed, as the basic principles of their discussion, their continuing determination to work together for peace and stability their respect for the sovereignty political independence and territorial integrity of all countries and their belief in the settlement of all international disputes by peaceful means in accordance with the principles of the united nations charter. In the context of their governments determination to continue to co-operate closely in defense arrangements which are based on the need to regard the defense of Malaysia and Singapore as indivisible, the ministers noted with gratification on the development of the defense capability of Malaysia and Singapore, to which the other three governments had given assistance, and the decisions of the governments of Australia, new Zealand and the united kingdom, which had been welcomed by the other two governments to continue to station forces there after the end of 1971. In discussion the contribution which each of the five governments would make defense arrangements in Malaysia and Singapore, the ministers noted the view of the united kingdom government that the nature of its commitment under the anglo-malaysian defense agreement required review and that the agreement should be replaced by new political arrangements. They declared that their government would continue to co-operate, in accord ance with their respective policies, in the field of defense after the termination of the agreement on its 1st November 1971. The ministers also declared, in relation to external defense of Malaysia and Singapore thet in the event of any form of armed attack externally organized or supported or the threat of such attack against Malaysia and Singapore, their governments would immediately consult together for the purpose of deciding what measures should be taken jointly or separately in relation to such attack or threat. The ministers reviewed the progress made regarding the establishment of the new defense arrangements. The ministers agreed that from time it might be appropriate for them to discuss their common interest. It would also be open to any of them, participating governments to request at any time, with due notice, meeting to review these defense arrangements. METHODS AND RESPONSES TOWARDS MALAYSIAN POLICY With its dedicated Plans of Actions and Protocols, ASEAN will move closer towards its goal of building the ASEAN Community, characterized by greater political and security interaction and engagement, a single market and production base, with free flow of goods, services, capital investment and skilled labour and a caring society, focusing on social development, education and human resources development, public health, culture and information, and environmental protection. Improvement of the invisible trade of developing countries, particularly by reducing their payments for freight and insurance, and the burden of their debt charges. The foreign policy of Malaysia continues to emphasise on the relevance and importance of ASEAN as the forum and catalyst for regional dialogue. ASEAN Dialogue Partnerships, ASEAN Regional Forum, ASEAN Plus Three and East Asia Summit have allowed its members to engage leading powers. Improvement of institutional arrangements, including if necessary, the establishment of new machinery and methods for implementing the decisions made at UNCTAD. It is sometimes difficult to understand why even though the government is so generous in providing assistance to so many other developing countries, it yet seems reluctant to give forthright and substantial aid to Malaysia. In most cases, no open tender processes were resorted to. Privatization further fed into this policy. Many of the joint ventures were achieved on a government to government basis involving tit for tat negotiation methods. An example was the case of Antah Biwater. Fifty one percent of its equity was controlled by its local malay partner while the remaining was held by a Biwater Ltd, a british water supply and treatment company with strong political connection to the thatcher government. Another example found in Indah Water Konsortium, a joint venture with british water treatment company northwest water ltd. IWK was awarded a $6 billion sewerage contract under the regimes privatization policy. ROLES OF POLICY MAKERS WHEN INTRODUCING CHANGES Having policy space and flexibility is important is important to a developing country. The Malaysian experience also shows that if a country is able to avoid turning to the IMF, it can also avoid the straightjacket of the IMFs mainly one size fits all policies and can choose its own policies as well as change them if they are found to be unsuitable. Malaysia initially took on several elements of the IMF fiscal and monetary policies but when these damaged the real economy, the country was able to switch to a different approach. A coherent anti- crisis strategy should be seen as an integrated package of its elements and policies. Policymakers often (even constantly) grapple with difficult policy decision s since the goals of policy are multiple. A policy instrument meant to achieve one goal may negatively affect other goals. In a situation where there are many complex trade offs, its useful to think outside the box and seek other policy tools. In the Malaysian case, it is useful to analyze and appreciate the various policy elements as parts of an integrated approach and as parts of a whole policy package. Thus, each elements should be considered not only on its own merits or for its own role in achieving a particular goal but also for its function of having an effect on another element or on another goal. A particular element or policy may not have the same successful intended effect, unless accompanied by or done in conjuction with some other element of policy. Thus, the interrelationship of the elements and the interaction with one another should be appreciated. For example lowering the interest rate was important for rescuing the microeconomy and reviving the real economy but doing so would have brought down the ringgits exchange rate. A new policy instrument, fixing the exchange rate was thus introduced. This alone would have been insufficient. Besides fixing the exchange rate to the dollar, stabilization of the currency also required two additional policy instruments. If we start with even one major policy goal(reviving rate reduction), we end up with several other policy tools and goals. All diplomatic missions may apply to the MFA through diplomatic note attaching the details as prescribed. For incoming visits by Head of States/Governments to Malaysia, the delegation will normally also include their countrys official media. On other occasions, official media from foreign countries may also undertake assignments in Malaysia to cover specific activities such as the Malaysian Governments socio-economic programmes, general elections, etc. To this effect, the official media from the country concerned would need to be accorded with some assistance in facilitating their assignment in Malaysia. Media accreditation for official media agencies/delegations undertaking assignments in Malaysia for the purposes of Head of State/Government visits, coverage for international conferences and filming. For media agencies accompanying Head of State/Government Visits, the MFA processes and approves media accreditation requests. Applications should be made via diplomatic note attaching t he prescribed details. Under regional security matters, Policy Planning Division is involved in handling issues related to ASEAN Regional Forum as well as bilateral security dialogue between Malaysia and Australia. On political and security cooperation, Policy Planning Division is responsible among others in the implementation of the ASEAN Security Community Plan of Action, Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, broadening the support for ASEAN instruments such as the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC) and the Southeast Asia. Financial openness poses serious dangers to developing countries and can be avoided. Too much openness in the financial sector can make a developing country vulnerable to financial speculation, to sudden or large movements of foreign capital, and to volatile movements in the exchange rate. If a country were to maintain an open financial policy, it risks losing the ability to determine its own macroeconomic policies. Thus the country may find it desirable not to have such an open financial policy. CONCLUSION The greatest challenge would be to extract the best from the process of globalization and to give our best to the system. And in return to contribute towards making the world a much more peaceful and equitable place to live in, to provide leadership within our region and to demonstrate exemplary and responsible membership of the international community. The economic dimension of globalization has been even more disappointing. The financial crisis that descended upon East Asia in 1997 brought about not only social misery and economic disaster but political instability as well. Massive Unemployment, negative growth, stock market crashes and severe currency devaluation have pulled down millions of people below the poverty lines. And now, we are anxiously watching the effects of the possible economic meltdown following the global financial crisis. Fundamental principles governing interstate relations would continue to guide Malaysias relations with other countries. These refer to sovereign equality and mutual respect for territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non ­-interference in each others internal affairs, peaceful settlement of disputes as well as mutual benefit in relations and peaceful co-existence. The so-called constructive intervention policy advocated by some, involving loud criticism, adversarial posturing and grand standing would only bring more harm than good to the promotion of neighbourly relations. We do make exceptions to the policy of non-interference in certain extreme situations. The bloody cruelty, genocide and atrocities perpetrated by some struck our conscience. Such peculiar situation calls for pragmatism on our part in the interest of humanity whilst recognizing the central role of the UN in resolving the problem. Malaysias activism at the international front has of course attracted attention and reaction from various quarters. Malaysia had been the target for criticism for being too vocal. But this is something that we need to take in our own stride if Malaysia is to be proactive at the global level. Our foreign policy principles have stood the test of time. Indeed, our steadfast adherence to these principles, supported by a consistent foreign policy, has established for Malaysia certain credibility in the eyes of the international community. The years ahead therefore would see our foreign policy specially oriented towards not only ensuring Malaysias domestic success but also internationally, as a geopolitical and economic player at the global level.